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Cook the barley according to package directions in a small saucepan, being sure to salt the water you cook the barley in.
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Add the oil to a large soup pot heated over medium high heat. Add the onions, carrots and celery. Sprinkle with a little salt and saute for 3 minutes. Add garlic, mushrooms and cabbage with another bit of salt and saute until cabbage has wilted, about 3-4 minutes
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Add chicken stock and stir. Add cooked chicken, cooked barley, bay leaves, red pepper flakes, black pepper, Italian parsley and enough water to just barely cover the ingredients. Stir well, cover and simmer on low for 30 minutes. Taste the broth and add any additional salt that is needed.